It can visualize nodules as small as 2-3 millimeters. This cancer is about 3 times more common in women than in men, and it is about 70% more common in White people than in Black people, who have the lowest rate.
Multi-source data approach for personalized outcome - Springer The nodule is impairing the thyroid, making it underactive, and making you hypothyroid. This often indicates that a nodule is full of solid, rather than liquid, components. Investigating the effect of thyroid nodule location on the risk of thyroid cancer. Epub 2020 Feb 20.
Thyroid Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy thyroid Previous studies suggested that nodule size may assist in cancer risk assessment, although data are conflicting (12, 13). There are a number of well-established predictors of malignancy in thyroid nodules, but Of 7348 evaluated nodules, 927 (13%) were cancerous. Five to 10 percent of thyroid nodules are malignant, or cancerous, although most cause no symptoms. ACR TI-RADS: An advance in the management of thyroid nodules or Pandora's box of surveillance? Benign nodules include: I Have A Thyroid Nodule: Patient demographics and nodule characteristics are depicted in Table 1. Cancer? All rights reserved. This test can determine whether a nodule is considered hyperfunctioning (also referred to as a "hot nodule").
P values < .05 were considered significant. This approach remains reasonable, although such a recommendation given to a patient with a nonmalignant, low-risk lesion must be weighed against the small but not inconsequential risk of surgical complications (25). WebOut of the 378 nodules (756 US images) analyzed in this study, 147 were malignant and 231 were benign. These involve larger incisions in your skin. Elsevier; 2020. https://www.clinicalkey.com. In contrast, follicular carcinoma is much more likely in larger nodules. The distribution of FNA cytology is shown in Table 2. For each nodule, maximal size, corresponding FNA cytology, and ultimate benign vs malignant categorization were determined. J Clin Ultrasound. It frequently leads to a decreased function of the thyroid (hypothyroidism). Medications like radioiodine may also be prescribed to treat "hot nodules.". Al Hassan MS, El Ansari W, El Baba H, Petkar M, Abdelaal A. Int J Surg Case Rep. 2022 Feb;91:106751. doi: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2021.106751. Thyroid cancer risk factors. Search for other works by this author on: Revised American Thyroid Association management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer, Fine-needle aspiration biopsy of the thyroid: an appraisal, Prevalence of malignancy within cytologically indeterminate thyroid nodules, Long-term assessment of a multidisciplinary approach to thyroid nodule diagnostic evaluation, Diagnostic terminology and morphologic criteria for cytologic diagnosis of thyroid lesions: a synopsis of the national cancer institute thyroid fine-needle aspiration state of the science conference, Diagnosis of follicular neoplasm: a gray zone in thyroid fine-needle aspiration cytology, Solitary thyroid nodules in 71 children and adolescents, Serum thyrotropin concentration as a novel predictor of malignancy in thyroid nodules investigated by fine-needle aspiration, Prevalence and distribution of carcinoma in patients with solitary and multiple thyroid nodules on sonography, Thyroid Study Group, Korean Society of Neuro- and Head and Neck Radiology, Benign and malignant thyroid nodules: US differentiationmulticenter retrospective study, Clinical outcomes for suspicious category in thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy: Patient's sex and nodule size are possible predictors of malignancy, Predictors of malignancy in preoperative nondiagnostic biopsies of the thyroid, Predictive factors of thyroid carcinoma in non-toxic multinodular goitre, Intrathoracic malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor in von Recklinghausen's disease, Factors that predict malignant thyroid lesions when fine-needle aspiration is suspicious for follicular neoplasm, Veterans Affairs SNAP Cooperative Study Group, A clinical model to estimate the pretest probability of lung cancer in patients with solitary pulmonary nodules, The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology, Recent developments in predicting thyroid malignancy, A diagnostic predictor model for indeterminate or suspicious thyroid FNA samples.
Thyroid Nodule Nodules detected this way are usually smaller than those found during a physical exam. Most times, the nodules are not dangerous. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Subsequent therapy depends upon the findings at the time of surgery. A thyroid ultrasound examination provides an objective and precise method for detection of a change in the size of the nodule.
Hypoechoic Nodule on Thyroid We have also detected no evidence of selection or referral bias within our sample cohort, because >95% of all patients with thyroid nodules in our healthcare system are evaluated in our multidisciplinary center and are accounted for in this analysis. 3. Not everyone who has a thyroid nodule needs a fine needle aspiration biopsy. Endocrine Web. 2020 Jan;48(1):3-6. doi: 10.1002/jcu.22772. 2021 Jan;10(1):307-318. doi: 10.21037/gs-20-612. If a thyroid nodule isn't cancerous, treatment options include: Watchful waiting. Hung W , Anderson KD , Chandra RS, et al. These data provide an unparalleled means of assessing the impact of nodule size on thyroid cancer risk. With rare exception, a maximum of 2 nodules were aspirated during a single visit. This test provides information that no other test can offer short of surgery. ; and. In: Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2020.
What Percentage Of Calcified Thyroid Nodules Are Cancerous Before you agree to the test or the procedure make sure you know: Damage to the structures near the thyroid, The reason you are having the test or procedure, What results to expect and what they mean, The risks and benefits of the test or procedure, What the possible side effects or complications are, When and where you are to have the test or procedure, Who will do the test or procedure and what that persons qualifications are, What would happen if you did not have the test or procedure, Any alternative tests or procedures to think about, Who to call after the test or procedure if you have questions or problems, How much will you have to pay for the test or procedure. Papillary carcinoma is largely predetermined at its inception and not influenced by growth or cellular expansion. Previous analyses confirm that 95% of thyroid nodules evaluated within our hospital system are referred to this clinic (5, 10), strongly suggesting no referral or selection bias. When a nodule is discovered in the thyroid, healthcare providers must consider the possibility of cancer (malignancy). Frates MC , Benson CB , Doubilet PM, et al. However, about 10-20 percent of biopsy specimens are interpreted as inconclusive or inadequate, that is, the pathologist cannot be certain whether the nodule is cancerous or benign. Accessed Nov. 4, 2019. Know the reason for your visit and what you want to happen. Three ultrasound phenotypes of non-invasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features proposed for imaging-pathology analysis: single center experience. This lends further support for the use of molecular analysis to better understand the underlying mechanisms of disease and to improve the accuracy of thyroid cancer diagnosis. American Thyroid Association. Ultrasound Q. He or she will slowly advance the needle into the nodule itself, moving it back and forth several times. Perri F, et al. And for thyroid nodules over 4 cm, the cancer rate was 20.9%, nearly the same as that for thyroid nodules (19.9%) for similar nodules less than 4 cm.. The 66 (47.1%) nodules that were malignant included 44 papillary thyroid cancers (PTC), 12 follicular-variant papillary thyroid cancers (FVPTC), 1 Warthin-like papillary carcinoma of the thyroid, 4 medullary thyroid cancers, 4 follicular thyroid carcinomas and 1 poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma. The American Cancer Societys most recent estimates for thyroid cancer in the United States are for 2023: Thyroid cancer is often diagnosed at a younger age than most other adult cancers. In some cases, hard nodules form inside the gland. Athyroid fine needle biopsyis a simple procedure that can be performed in the physician's office. Choose a doctor and schedule an appointment. WebThyroid nodules are detected in about 6 percent of women and 1-2 percent of men; they occur 10 times as often in older individuals, but are usually not diagnosed. Verywell Health's content is for informational and educational purposes only.
Thyroid Nodule Overview - Thyroid Cancer Center Follow any other specific instructions that your healthcare provider gives you. This was largely due to increased detection during imaging tests such as CT or MRI scans that were done for other medical problems. Thyroid cancer is common in those who have been exposed to radioactive fallout from power plant accidents. Read our, Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) Biopsy of the Thyroid, Everything You Need to Know About Lung Cancer, Investigating the effect of thyroid nodule location on the risk of thyroid cancer, Malignant nodules can be identified by their location in the thyroid, A lump in the neck that can be fast-growing, Pain at the front of the neck that extends towards the ears, Voice changes or hoarseness that persists, A persistent cough that is not due to a cold. Ultrasound can help evaluate a thyroid nodule and determine the need for biopsy. In the case of aggressive disease, a patient may qualify for clinical trials with newer therapies such as targeted chemotherapies. In: Rosai and Ackerman's Surgical Pathology. Just 2 to 9% of thyroid cancers are found in the isthmus, but cancers in this area are more likely to spread outside of the thyroid than cancers found in other parts of the thyroid. Bethesda, MD. Once a thyroid nodule is found, tests will be undertaken to determine whether nodules are malignant or benign. Making Strides Against Breast Cancer Walks, ACS Center for Diversity in Research Training, American Cancer Societys Cancer Statistics Center, About43,720 new cases of thyroid cancer (12,540 in men and 31,180 in women), About2,120 deaths from thyroid cancer (970 in men and 1,150 in women). Using these therapies will cure or control the majority of cancers. Mortality after discharge from a public tertiary cardiovascular referral hospital. If the lesion is benign, the patient is monitored via ultrasound for the growth of the nodule or development of new nodules.
If you believe that the posting of any material infringes your copyright, be sure to contact us through the contact form and your material will be removed! Make your tax-deductible gift and be a part of the cutting-edge research and care that's changing medicine. Sometimes these nodules make too much thyroid hormone and cause hyperthyroidism. The changing incidence of thyroid cancer. Background This study is aimed at evaluating the diagnostic efficacy and unnecessary Based on surgical pathology, 927 of 7348 nodules (13%) were cancers. Although women are three times more likely than men to get thyroid cancer, a similar number of men and women die from the disease each year.
Atlanta, Ga: American Cancer Society; 2023. Thyroid nodules. Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed noncutaneous malignancy in American men. This analysis of nearly 5000 patients with over 7000 clinically relevant thyroid nodules provides the largest unbiased assessment of thyroid nodule size and risk of cancer. Solid. Cancer Cytopathol. Schlinkert RT , van Heerden JA , Goellner JR, et al. Does a higher American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (ACR TI-RADS) score forecast an increased risk of malignancy? In: Goldman-Cecil Medicine. Such samples are cytologically abnormal reflecting an increased risk of malignancy, although without diagnostic certainty.
Thyroid Nodule Size and Prediction of Cancer: A Study In many cases, thyroid nodules do not cause symptoms, and the nodules are only discovered during a routine exam or when getting a scan for unrelated conditions. In thyroid ultrasoundography, high-frequency sound waves pass through the skin and are reflected back to the machine to create detailed images of the thyroid. Thyroid nodule size is routinely measured, although its impact on thyroid cancer risk is unclear. Thyroid nodules. Ask if your condition can be treated in other ways. 2016; doi:10.1038/nrendo.2016.110. Thyroid cancer. Most removed nodules could have simply been observed or treated medically.
Thyroid Nodules | Cedars-Sinai Our objective was to evaluate the association of nodule size upon cancer risk. Some surgeons recommend thyroidectomy for nodules 4 cm even in the setting of benign FNAC, due to increased risk of malignancy and increased false negative rates in large thyroid nodules [12,13,14,15]. Most nodules were solitary (54%) and solid (75%).
Echogenic foci Accessed Oct. 31, 2019. Bergenfelz A , Jansson S , Kristoffersson A, et al. Rossi ED, Pantanowitz L, Raffaelli M, Fadda G. Cancers (Basel). Furthermore, by investigating such a large sample of unselected, consecutive nodules, we hypothesized that this investigation may also provide insight into our understanding of thyroid malignancy itself. If a hot nodule causes hyperthyroidism, it can be treated with radioiodine or surgery. If FNA results were nondiagnostic, a reaspiration was performed 1 or more times until a cytological diagnosis was successfully obtained or the patient elected surgical resection prior to a cytological diagnosis. In some cases, your healthcare provider may offer thyroid hormone pills. If a nodule has both fluid and solid parts, it is called a complex nodule. You can take over-the-counter pain medicines if you need to. Nature Reviews Endocrinology. Our data refine the recommended diagnostic evaluation of patients with multiple thyroid nodules. Overall, about 510% of thyroid FNAs will have malignant cytology, 1025% will be indeterminate or suspicious for cancer, and 6070% will be benign (5, 6). Know how you can contact your provider if you have questions. Cancer risk can differ based on whether nodules are found in the isthmus or the lobar (winged) areas of the thyroid. There are a number of risk factors for thyroid cancer. Even when a thyroid biopsy sample is reported as benign, the size of the nodule should be monitored. Tax ID Number: 13-1788491.
Typically, multiple cell samples are extracted from different parts of the nodule to increase the chances of finding cancer cells if they are present. Modifiable risk factors for thyroid cancer include: Exposure to radiation is a proven risk factor for cancer in the thyroid. Because the needle is so small, this is often not necessary. Elsevier; 2019. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Thus, clinicians are often faced with the task of deciding which nodules require further investigation for thyroid cancer with a biopsy, and which nodules can be followed by just observation. At the American Cancer Society, we have a vision to end cancer as we know it, for everyone. Baloch ZW , LiVolsi VA , Asa SL, et al. New masking guidelines are in effect starting April 24. The nodule itself is producing excess thyroid hormone, making you hyperthyroid. Recent advances in ultrasonography helps physicians identify nodules which are more likely to be cancerous. Having a member of your immediate family (parent, sibling, or child) with thyroid cancer raises your risk. Suspicious for a follicular or Hurthle cell neoplasm. All the thyroid nodules were scored as per ACR-TIRADS. 2020 Jul;128(7):470-481. doi: 10.1002/cncy.22254. Would you like email updates of new search results? Nodules that produce too much thyroid hormone are almost always benign. But cancerous nodules in this area are more likely to spread outside the thyroid. Our team is made up of doctors andoncology certified nurses with deep knowledge of cancer care as well as journalists, editors, and translators with extensive experience in medical writing. Thyroid nodules are detected in about 6 percent of women and 1-2 percent of men; they occur 10 times as often in older individuals, but are usually not diagnosed. Therefore, we acknowledge that a large nodule (even if cytologically benign) may require resection based on cosmetic, symptomatic, or clinical concerns alone. - "The diagnostic efficacy and inappropriate biopsy rate of ACR TI-RADS and ATA guidelines for thyroid nodules in children and adolescents" Doru Paul, MD, is board-certified in internal medicine, medical oncology, and hematology. Lymph nodes may also be surgically removed in order to determine cancer spread. Nodule and patient characteristics are listed in Table 1. Also know what the side effects are. Nodules can be caused by a simple overgrowth of normal thyroid tissue, fluid-filled cysts, inflammation (thyroiditis) or a tumor (either benign or cancerous). This content does not have an Arabic version. A thyroid ultrasound is painless. Only a small percentage of nodules in the isthmus are found to be cancerous. The thyroid makes hormones that travel in the blood to tissues throughout the body. This machine uses high-frequency sound waves to provide an ongoing image of the nodule. The prognosis for cancer that spreads beyond the thyroid is less favorable than cancer that remains in the thyroid. AJR Am J Roentgenol. However, the risk of follicular carcinomas and other rare thyroid malignancies increases as nodules enlarge. This risk typically increases the larger the dose or the younger the person at the time of treatment. The rate of thyroid cancer in women is about three times that of men. However, nodules 2.0 to 2.9, 3.0 to 3.9, and >4 cm were cancerous in 14%, 16%, and 15% of cases (P = .14), respectively, demonstrating no graded increase in risk beyond the 2-cm threshold. Modi L, Sun W, Shafizadeh N, Negron R, Yee-Chang M, Zhou F, Simsir A, Sheth S, Brandler TC. Elselvier; 2018. https://www.clinicalkey.com. Overall, about 510% of thyroid FNAs will have malignant cytology, 1025% will be indeterminate or suspicious for cancer, and 6070% will be benign (5, 6). But if you experience any unusual symptoms, or notice any lumps in your neck, you should speak with your healthcare provider. At what size should a thyroid nodule be biopsied? Specifically, increasing nodule size was associated with a lower proportion of of papillary carcinomas (P < .01). 26th ed. Sometimes, this provides enough information to know that the nodule isnt due to cancer. At least 85% of thyroid nodules are benign thus thyroid cancer accounts for only a small percentage of all thyroid nodules. Thyroid cancer is commonly diagnosed at a younger age than most other adult cancers. And women are 3 times more likely to develop thyroid cancer than men. The chance of being diagnosed with thyroid cancer has risen in recent years and is the most rapidly increasing cancer in the US. It has tripled in the past three decades. It may also include an ultrasound. To get the most from your appointment, try these suggestions: Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Because cystic fluid can significantly influence nodule size even though it is felt to be a benign characteristic, we also considered whether the proportion of cystic content in nodules influenced the above findings of size and malignancy. This suggests a possible threshold effect (Table 3). In summary, these data provide strong evidence that thyroid nodule size >2 cm is associated with an increased risk of well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Thank you, {{form.email}}, for signing up. Thyroid nodules in J.H.Yoon et al.s study were all 10 mm or larger, while in our study, the percent of nodules sizes 10 mm was 56.5% (2229/3944) and sized <10 mm was 43.5% (1715/3944). If you see or feel a thyroid nodule yourself usually in the middle of your lower neck, just above your breastbone call your primary care doctor for an appointment to evaluate the lump. A similar increase in the proportion of other rare cancers (such as medullary and anaplastic carcinoma, thyroid lymphoma, and metastatic disease from other organs) was also noted with increasing nodule size. Before your visit, write down questions you want answered. Careers. This procedure is called a total thyroidectomy. One explanation is that nodule growth increases the risk of secondary genomic mutations that transform a benign nodule (such as a follicular adenoma) into a malignant nodule (such as a follicular carcinoma). Mayo Clinic.
Thyroid nodules - Diagnosis and treatment - Mayo Clinic The diagnostic efficacy and inappropriate biopsy - Semantic Even more aggressive surgeons use a threshold of 3 cm [16]. WebOn average, 1 case of thyroid cancer was found for every 111 ultrasound exams performed. Know what to expect if you do not take the medicine or have the test or procedure. CancerFacts & Figures 2023. Thyroid nodules are generally not What happens if you have a cancerous thyroid nodule? . Nodules tend to grow during pregnancy. Exposure to radiation as an adult poses less risk for thyroid cancer than in children.
Isthmus Thyroid Nodules Patients with nodules that are malignant or suspicious for cancer by FNA usually undergo thyroid surgery. Papillary thyroid cancer: the most common type of thyroid cancer. These results are highly accurate and allow for conservative management. Our large-scale, epidemiologic data support this hypothesis. All materials are posted on the site strictly for informational and educational purposes! A 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. During this test, a healthcare provider inserts a very thin, hollow needle into the thyroid to remove a sample of cells. https://www.thyroid.org/hypothyroidism/. Boelaert K , Horacek J , Holder RL , Watkinson JC , Sheppard MC , Franklyn JA. Fewer than 1 in 10 Sophia C. Kamran, Ellen Marqusee, Mathew I. Kim, Mary C. Frates, Julie Ritner, Hope Peters, Carol B. Benson, Peter M. Doubilet, Edmund S. Cibas, Justine Barletta, Nancy Cho, Atul Gawande, Daniel Ruan, Francis D. Moore, Jr, Karla Pou, P. Reed Larsen, Erik K. Alexander, Thyroid Nodule Size and Prediction of Cancer, The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Volume 98, Issue 2, 1 February 2013, Pages 564570, https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012-2968. Most patients who appear to have benign nodules require no specific treatment. Our data refine the former recommendation, demonstrating that nodules larger than 2 cm are at increased risk for cancer compared with those measuring 1.0 to 1.9 cm, although further risk is not imparted if the nodules measure 2, 3, or >4 cm in diameter. It is often not possible to determine if a nodule is cancerous only through physical exams and blood tests, so further tests are typically needed.. 2020 Jun;9(3):653-660. doi: 10.21037/gs.2020.04.03. Kitahara CM, et al. Of 4955 patients, 813 (16%) were diagnosed with clinically relevant thyroid cancer >1 cm as follows: 697 of 813 (86%) papillary carcinoma (including follicular variant), 66 of 813 (8%) follicular or Hurthle cell carcinoma, 42 of 813 (5%) other carcinoma (including medullary, anaplastic carcinoma, follicular lymphoma, and metastatic disease), and 8 of 812 (1%) with two types of pathology. In 15%20% of cases, the nodule is indeterminate. Although widespread use of ultrasonography (US) has exponentially increased thyroid nodule detection to about 19.067.0%, malignancy is found in only about 9.015.0% of nodules evaluated using fine-needle aspiration (FNA) [1,2,3].To minimize potential harm from overuse of FNA, the Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System Thyroid nodules. It is believed the dose is so low from these procedures that the risk is likely to also be low. Webmalignancy among TR5 nodules were found to be highest (83.3%). We also acknowledge that cytologically benign nodules were classified as benign although in most cases did not undergo repeat FNA or surgical resection to confirm the accuracy of this cytologic diagnosis. Sometimes these nodules make too much thyroid hormone and cause hyperthyroidism. At the visit, write down the name of a new diagnosis, and any new medicines, treatments, or tests. Liu R, Gao L, Xia Y, Li X, Liao Q, Jiang Y, Zhang Q, Chen C, Zhang L, Liang Z, Jiang Y. Gland Surg.
The risk of cancer increases when a thyroid nodule is Greater nodule size influences cancer risk, although the increase in absolute risk between small (1.01.9 cm) and large (>4.0 cm) nodules is modest. Of those 1.0 to 1.9 cm in diameter, 10.5% were cancerous. But although the clinical value in detecting these features remains high, moderately poor inter-rater reliability poses a challenge. The influence of thyroid nodule size upon cancer risk was evaluated. In the past, it was standard to remove a majority of thyroid tissue a procedure called near-total thyroidectomy. you have heard this phrase very often. These can sometimes decrease the likelihood of nodules growing back. Tips to help you get the most from a visit to your healthcare provider: Cedars-Sinai has a range of comprehensive treatment options. About 43,720 new cases of thyroid cancer (12,540 in men and 31,180 in women) About 2,120 deaths from thyroid cancer (970 in men and 1,150 in women) Thyroid Nodule Size and Risk of Cancer, Demonstrating a Threshold Effect. Thyroid Cancer. These data clarify previously conflicting reports as to whether nodule size influences thyroid cancer risk (10, 12, 13, 2023) and impact clinical care recommendations. Iodine deficiency is typically not an issue in the United States as iodine is added to table salt. Translation of these data to clinical practice must therefore be done cautiously. 1. The data set was 92% female and the prevalence of cancerous thyroid nodules was 10.3% (typical of the rate found on histology at autopsy, and double the 5% Young age and male sex increase the risk a nodule may prove cancerous (8, 9). Overview of the Ultrasound Classification Systems in the Field of Thyroid Cytology. Specifically, of the 383 thyroid cancers measuring 1.0 to 1.9 cm in diameter, 29 (7.6%) were >50% cystic; of 265 cancers measuring 2.0 to 2.9 cm in diameter, 11 (4.2%) were >50% cystic; of 163 cancers measuring 3.0 to 3.9 cm in diameter, 10 (6.1%) were >50% cystic; and of 116 cancers measuring >4 cm, 9 (8.0%) were >50% cystic (P = .91 for difference). Athyroid scanis a picture of the thyroid gland taken after a small dose of a radioactive isotope normally concentrated by thyroid cells has been injected or swallowed. The reason for this genetic link is currently unknown. You're also likely to have another biopsy if the nodule grows larger. A Single-Center Retrospective Validation Study of the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System. The mean nodule diameter was 2.6 cm, although 20%25% of the cohort (n = 1838 total nodules; n = 1771 evaluable) presented with nodules larger than 3 cm, and 11% (n = 794 total nodules; n = 773 evaluable) with nodules larger than 4 cm. Cancer risk can differ based on whether nodules are found in the isthmus or the lobar (winged) areas of the thyroid. What percentage of TR5 thyroid nodules are cancerous? Malignant nodules can be identified by their location in the thyroid. Taken as a capsule or in liquid form, radioactive iodine is absorbed by your thyroid gland. People who have had radiation treatments to their neck are also more likely to develop nodules. Guidelines provide effective cancer risk assessment for thyroid nodules. The nodules in 5% of each size group were classified as malignant. This hormone has many functions in your body. Blood tests may be ordered to determine whether the thyroid is functioning normally. Epub 2021 Jan 21. Although the significance of this remains uncertain, this implies the current histologic parameters used to distinguish follicular adenomas and carcinomas may be an incomplete assessment of malignant potential.
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